L'Autunno by Laurens Boersma
Downward comparison in close relationships
A blessing in disguise?
image
Thesis, University of Groningen, June 1999
© Frans Oldersma, Groningen, The Netherlands,
image
Home / contents / references previous page next page print
search
References
Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 267-299). New York: Academic Press.
Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 939-954.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Argyle, M., Henderson, M., Furnham, A. (1985). The rules of social relationships. British Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 125-139.
Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1996). Self and self expansion in relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures and interaction in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 325 344). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241 253.

Baker, L. A., & Emery, R. E. (1993). When every relationship is above average: Perceptions and expectations of divorce at the time of marriage. Law and Human Behavior, 17, 439 450
Baucom, D. H. (1995). A new look at the sentiment override Let's not get carried away yet: Comment on Fincham et al. (1995). Journal op Family Psychology, 9, 15 18.
Baumeister, R. F. (1982). A self-presentational view of social phenomena. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 3-26.
Baumeister, R. F., & Jones, E. E. (1978). When self-presentation is constrained by the target's knowledge: Consistency and compensation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 608-618.
Beach, S. R. H., Etherton, J., & Whitaker, D. (1995). Cognitive accessibility and sentiment override Starting a revolution: Comment on Fincham et al. (1995). Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 19 23.
Beach, S. R. H., & Tesser, A. (1993). Decision making power and marital satisfaction: Self evaluation maintenance perspective. Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology, 12, 471 494.
Beach, S. R. H., & Tesser, A. (1995). Self esteem and the extended self evaluation maintenance model: The self in social context. In M. H. Kernis (Ed.), Efficacy, agency, and self esteem (pp. 145 170). New York: Plenum.
Bearden, W. O., & Rose, R. L. (1990). Attention to social comparison information: An individual difference factor affecting consumer conformity.Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 461 471.
Bless, H., Strack, F., & Schwarz, N. (1993). The informative functions of research procedures: Bias and the logic of conversation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 149 165.
Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Attributions in marriage: Review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 3 33.
Brickman, P., & Bulman, R. (1977). Pleasure and pain in social comparison. In J. M. Suls & R. L. Miller (Eds.), Social comparison processes: Theoretical and empirical perspectives (pp. 149 186). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
Brown, J. D. (1986). Evaluations of self and others: Self enhancement biases in social judgment. Social Cognition, 4, 353 376.
Brown, J. D., Collins, R. L., & Schmidt, G. W. (1988). Self-esteem and direct versus indirect forms of self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 445-453.
Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (1995). It's about time: Optimistic predictions in work and love. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 1-32). Chichester: Wiley.
Buunk, B. P. (1994). Social comparison processes under stress: Towards an integration of classic and recent perspectives. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 211 241). Chichester: Wiley.
Buunk, B. P. (1996, August). The affective consequences of social comparison information among marital couples. Paper presented at the eighth International Conference on Personal Relationships, Banff, Canada, August 4 8, 1996.
Buunk, B. P. (1998). Social comparison and optimism about one's relational future: Order effects in social judgment. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 777-786.
Buunk, B. P., Collins, R. L., Taylor, S. E., Van Yperen, N. W., & Dakof, G. A. (1990). The affective consequences of social comparison: Either direction has its ups and downs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1238 1249.
Buunk, B. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (1997). Health, coping, and well being: Perspectives from social comparison theory. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Buunk, B. P., & Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (1997). Perceived prevalence, perceived superiority, and relationship satisfaction: Most relationships are good, but ours is the best. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 219 228.
Buunk, B. P., Van Yperen, N. W. (1989). Social comparison, equality, andrelationship satisfaction: Gender differences over a ten year period. Social Justice Research, 3, 157 180.
Buunk, B. P., & Van Yperen, N. W. (1991). Referential comparisons, relational comparisons, and exchange orientation: Their relation to marital satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 709 717.
Buunk, B. P., & Ybema, J. F. (1995). Selective evaluation and coping with stress: Making one's situation cognitively more livable. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1499 1517.

Carver, R. (1976). Will you please be quiet, please? New York: Knopf.
Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 366 375.
Cialdini, R. B., & De Nicholas, M. E. (1989). Self-presentation by association. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 626-631.
Cialdini, R. B., Finch, J. F., & De Nicholas, M. E. (1989). Strategic self-presentation: The indirect route. In M. J. Cody & M. L. McLaughin (Eds.), The psychology of tactical communication (pp. 194-206). London: Multilingual Matters.
Cialdini, R. B., Kallgren, C. A., & Reno, R. R. (1991). A focus of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 24, pp. 201-234). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1015-1026.
Cialdini, R. B., & Richardson, K. D. (1980). Two indirect tactics of image management: Basking and blasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 406-415.
Clark, M. S., Helgeson, V. S., Mickelson, K., & Pataki, S. P. (1994). Some cognitive structures and processes relevant to relationship functioning. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition: Vol. 2, Applications (2nd edition, pp. 189-238). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Collins, R. L. (1996). For better or worse: The impact of upward social comparison on self-evaluations. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 51-69.

Emmons, R. A., & Diener, E. (1985). Factors predicting satisfaction judgments: A comparative examination. Social Indicators Research, 16, 157 167.

Fazio, R. H. (1990). A practical guide to the use of response latency in social psychological research. In C. Hendrick & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Research methods in personality and social psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 74 97). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Fazio, R. H. (1995). Attitudes as object evaluation associations: Determinants, consequences, and correlates of attitude accessibility. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 247 282). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Feather, N. T. (1994). Attitudes toward high achievers and reactions to theirfall: Theory and research concerning tall poppies. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 26, pp. 1-73). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Fehr, B. (1988). Prototype analysis of the concept of love and commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 557-579.
Fehr, B. (1993). How do I love thee? Let me consult my prototype. In S. Duck (Ed.), Individuals in relationships (pp. 87-120). Newburry Park: Sage.
Festinger, L. (1954a). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117 140.
Festinger, L. (1954b). Motivation leading to social behavior. In M. R. Jones (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (Vol. 2, pp. 191 218). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210.
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. (1988). Attribution processes in distressed and nondistressed couples: 5. Real versus hypothetical events. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 12, 505-514.
Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., & Baucom, D. H. (1987). Attribution processes in distressed and nondistressed couples: 4. Self-partner attribution differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 739-748.
Fincham, F. D., & Bradbury, T. N. (1987). The assessment of marital quality: A reevaluation.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 797 809.
Fincham, F. D., Garnier, P. C., Gano Phillips, S., Osborne, L. N. (1995). Preinteraction expectations, marital satisfaction, and accessibility: A new look at sentiment override. Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 3 14.
Fincham, F. D., & Osborne, L. N. (1995). Understanding marriage and marital distress: Do milliseconds matter? Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 24 27.
Fitness, J., & Fletcher, G. J. O. (1993). Love, hate, anger, and jealousy in close relationships: A prototype and cognitive appraisal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 942 958.
Forgas, J. P. (1995). Mood and Judgment: The Affect Infusion Model (AIM). Psychological Bulletin, 117, 39-66.
Fletcher, G. J. O., & Fincham, F. D. (1991). Cognition in close relationships. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Fletcher, G. J. O., & Fitness J. (1996). Knowledge structures and interaction in close relationships: A social psychological approach. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Friend, R. M., & Gilbert, J. (1973). Threat and fear of negative evaluation as determinants of locus of control. Journal of Personality, 41, 328-340.

Gibbons, F. X. (1986). Social comparison and depression: Company's effect on misery. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 140 148.
Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: The development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 129-142.
Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1989). The effects of upward and downward social comparison on mood states. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 51, 14 31.
Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1991). Downward comparisons and coping with threat. In J. M. Suls & T. A. Wills (Eds.), Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (pp. 317 345). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Hakmiller, K. L. (1966). Threat as a determinant of downward comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2(Suppl. 1), 32 39.
Hall, J. A., & Taylor, S. E. (1976). When love is blind: Maintaining idealized images of one's spouse. Human Relations, 29, 751 761.
Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1988). The sense of relative superiority: central to well being. Social Indicators Research, 20, 497 516.
Helgeson, V. S. (1994). The effects of self beliefs and relationship beliefs on adjustment to a relationship stressor. Personal Relationships, 1, 241 258.
Helgeson, V. S., & Taylor, S. E. (1993). Social comparisons and adjustment among cardiac patients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1171 1195.
Hemphill, K. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1991). Social comparison and their affective consequences: The importance of comparison dimension and individual variables. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10, 372 394.
Hoorens, V. (1993). Self-enhancement and superiority biases in social comparison. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 113-139). Chichester: Wiley.

Jensen, M. P., & Karoly, P. (1992). Comparative self evaluation and depressive affect among chronic pain patients: An examination of selective evaluation theory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 297 308.
Johnson, D. J., & Rusbult, C. E. (1989). Resisting temptation: Devaluation of alternative partners as a means of maintaining commitment in close relationships. Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 57, 967-980.

Kassin, S. M. (1979). Consensus information, prediciton, and causal attribution: A review of the literature and issues. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1966-1981.
Klein, W. M. (1997). Objective standards are not enough: Affective, self evaluative, and behavioral responses to social comparison information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 763 774.
Kruglanski, A. W., & Mayseless, O. (1990). Classic and current social comparison research: Expanding the perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 195-208.

Marks, G., & Miller, N. (1987). Ten years of research on false consensus effect: An emperical and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 72-90.
Martz, J. M., Verette, J., Arriaga, X. B., Slovik, L. F., Cox, C. L., & Rusbult, C. E. (in press). Positive illusions in close relationships. Personal Relationships, 5, 159-181.
Menaghan, E. (1982). Measuring coping effectiveness: A panel analysis of marital problems and coping efforts. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23, 220 234.
Mullen, B., & Hu, L. (1988). Social projection as a function of cognitive mechanisms: Two meta-analytic integrations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 333-356.
Murray, S. L., & Holmes, J. G. (1993). Seeing virtues in faults: Negativity and the transformation of interpersonal narratives in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 707 722.
Murray, S. L., & Holmes, J. G. (1994). Storytelling in close relationships: The construction of confidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 650 663.
Murray, S. L., & Holmes, J. G. (1997). A leap of faith? Positive illusions in romantic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 586 604.

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Nosanchuk, T. A., & Erickson, B. H. (1985). How high is up? Calibrating social comparison in the real world. comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 624-634.

Oldersma, F. L., & Buunk, B. P. (1997). De invloed van relatieverheffende sociale vergelijking op de waargenomen kwaliteit van de relatie [The impact of relationship-enhancing social comparison on the perceived relationship quality]. In D. Daamen, A. Pruyn, W. Otten & R. Meertens (Red.), Sociale psychologie en haar toepassingen (deel 11, pp. 77-90). Delft, The Netherlands: Eburon.
Oldersma, F. L., Buunk, B. P., & De Dreu, C. K. W. (1998). Cognitive downward comparison as a relationship-enhancing mechanism: The role of relational discontent and individual differences in social comparison orientation. Paper submitted for publication.
Oldersma, F. L., Buunk, B. P., & De Dreu, C. K. W. (1999). Reactions to others engaging in overt downward social comparison. Paper submitted for publication.
Oldersma, F. L., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Buunk, B. P. (1994, July). Reactions to communicated self and partner enhancement: Towards a normative attributional account. Paper presented at the seventh International Conference on Personal Relationships, Groningen, The Netherlands, July 4 8, 1994.
Oldersma, F. L., De Dreu, C. K. W. & Buunk, B. P. (1995). Gevolgen van zelf- en partnerverheffing voor de waargenomen kwaliteit van de relatie [Consequences of self- and partner-enhancement for the perceived relationship quality]. In N. de Vries, C. K. W. De Dreu, N. Ellemers & R. Vonk (Red.), Fundamentele sociale psychologie (deel 9, pp. 153-160). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.

Pelham, B. W., & Wachsmuth, J. O. (1995). The waxing and waning of the social self: Assimilation and contrast in social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 825 838.
Pilkington, C. J., Tesser, A., & Stephens, D. (1991). Complementarity in romantic relationships: A self evaluation maintenance perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 481 504.
Pleban, R., & Tesser, A. (1981). The effects of relevance and quality of another's performance on interpersonal closeness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 278-285.
Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., & LaPrelle, J. (1985). Social comparison after success and failure: Biased search for information consistant with a self-serving conclusion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 195-211.

Reis, T. J., Gerrard, M., & Gibbons, F. X. (1993). Social comparison and the pill: Reactions to upward and downward comparison of contraceptive behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 13 20.
Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: A test of the investment model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 172 186.
Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101 117.
Rusbult, C. E., & Buunk, B. P. (1993). Commitment processes in close relationships: An interdependence analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 10, 175 204.
Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., & Verette, J. (1994). The investment model: An interdependence analysis of commitment processes and relationship maintenance phenomena. In D. J. Canary & L. Stafford (Eds.), Communication and relational maintenance (pp. 115 139). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Salancik, G. R. (1974). Inference of one's attitude from behavior recalled under linguistically manipulated cognitive sets. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 415 427.
Salancik, G. R. (1976). Extrinsic attribution and the use of behavioral information to infer attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 1302 1312.
Salovey, P., & Rodin, J. (1984). Some antecedents and consequences of social-comparison jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 780-792.
Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Audiences' reactions to self-enhancing, self-denigrating, and accurate self-presentations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 89-104.
Schoeneman, T. J. (1981). Reports of the sources of self knowledge. Journal of Personality, 49, 284 294.
Schriber, J. B., Larwood L., & Peterson, J. L. (1985). Bias in the attribution of marital conflict.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 717-721.
Schulz, R., & Decker, S. (1985). Long term adjustment to physical disability: The role of social support, perceived control, and self blame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1162 1172.
Schütz, A., & Tice, D. M. (1997). Associative en competitive indirect self enhancement in close relationships moderated by trait self esteem. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 257 273.
Schwarz, N. (1994). Judgment in social context: Biases, shortcomings, and the logic of conversation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 26, pp. 123 162). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195 202.
Sedikides, C., Campbell, W. K., Reeder, G. D., & Elliot, A. J. (1998). The self-serving bias in relational context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 378-386.
Seligman, C., Fazio, R. H., & Zanna, M. P. (1980). Effects of salience of extrinsic rewards on liking and loving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 453 460.
Simpson, J.A., Gangestad, S.W., & Lerma, M. (1990). Perception of physical attractiveness: Mechanisms involved in the maintenance of romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 59, 1192-1201.
Smith, R. H, & Insko, C. A. (1987). Social comparison choice during ability evaluation: The effects of comparison publicity, performance feedback, and self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 111-122.
Smith, R. H., Parrot, W. G., Ozer, D., & Moniz, A. (1994). Subjective injustice and inferiority as predictors of hostile and depressive feelings in envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 705-711.
Smith, R. H., Turner, T. J., Garonzik, R., Leach, C. W., Urch-Druskat, V., & Weston, C. M. (1996). Envy and Schadenfreude. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 158-168.
Snyder, C. R., Lassegard, M. A., & Ford, C. E. (1989). Distancing after group success and failure: Basking in reflected glory and cutting off reflected failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 382-388.
Surra, C. A., & Milardo, R. M. (1991). The social psychological context of developing relationships: interactive and psychological networks. In W. H. Jones & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in Personal Relationships (Vol. 3, pp. 1-36). London: Kingsley.

Taylor, S. E., Aspinwall, L. G., Giuliano, T. A., & Dakof, G. A. (1993). Storytelling and coping with stressful events. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 703 733.
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193 210.
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1994). Positive illusions and well being revisited: Separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 21 27.
Taylor, S. E., Buunk, B. P., & Aspinwall, L. G. (1990). Social comparison, stress, and coping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 74 89.
Taylor, S. E., Buunk, B. P., Collins, R. L., & Reed, G. M. (1992). Social Comparison and affiliation under threat. In L. Montada, S. H. Filipp, & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Life crises and experiences of loss in adulthood (pp. 213 227). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Taylor, S. E., & Koivumaki, J. H. (1976). The perception of self and others: Acquaintanceship, affect, and actor observer differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 403 408.
Taylor, S. E., & Lobel, M. (1989). Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts. Psychological Review, 96, 569 575.
Taylor, S. E., Wood, J. V., & Lichtman, R. R. (1983). It could be worse: Selective evaluation as a response to victimization. Journal of Social Issues, 39, 19 40.
Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Social Psychology (Vol 21, pp. 181 227). New York: Academic Press.
Tesser, A., Collins, J. (1988). Emotion in social reflection and comparison situations: Intuitive, systematic, and exploratory approaches. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 695-709.
Tesser, A., Millar, M., & Moore, J. (1988). Some affective consequences of social comparison and reflection processes: The pain and pleasure of being close. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 49-61.
Thornton, D. A., & Arrowood, A. J. (1966). Self evaluation, self enhancement, and the locus of social comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2(Suppl. 1), 40 48.
Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.
Titus, S. L. (1980). A function of friendship: social comparisons as a frame of reference for marriage. Human Relations, 33, 409-431.

Van der Zee, K. I. (1996). For better or worse? Social comparison and coping with health problems. Ph.D. Thesis. Ridderkerk: Ridderprint.
Van der Zee, K. I., Buunk, B. P., & Sanderman, R. (1996). The relationship between social comparison processes and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 551-565.
Van der Zee, K. I., Oldersma, F. L., Buunk, B. P., & Bos, D. A. J. (1998). Social comparison preferences among cancer patients as related to neuroticism and social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 801-810.
Van Lange, P. A. M., & Rusbult, C. E. (1995). My relationship is better than and not as bad as yours is: The perception of superiority in close relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 32 44.
Van Lange, P.A.M., Agnew, C.R., Harinck, F., & Steemers, G.E.M. (1997). From game theory to real life: How social value orientation affects willingness to sacrifice in ongoing close relationships. Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 73, 1330-1344.
Van Lange, P.A.M., Rusbult, C.E., Drigotas, S.M., Arriaga, X.B., Witcher, B.S., & Cox, C.L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 72, 1373-1395.
Van Yperen, N. W., & Buunk, B. P. (1994). Social comparison and social exchange in marital relationships. In M. J. Lerner & G. Mikula (Eds.), Entitlement and the affectional bond: justice in close relationships (pp. 89 115). New York: Plenum.

Walster, E., Walster, G. W., Berscheid, E. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Wayment, H. A., & Taylor, S. E. (1995). Self-evaluation processes: Motives, information use, and self-esteem. Journal of Personality, 63, 729-757.
Wänke, M., Bless, H., & Biller, B. (1996). Subjective experience versus content of information in the construction of attitude judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1105 1113.
Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806-820.
West, S. G., Aiken, L. S., & Krull, J. L. (1996). Experimental personality designs: Analyzing categorical by continuous variable interactions. Journal of Personality, 64, 1 48.
Wigboldus, D. H. J., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (1993). Optimisme over de toekomst van de eigen relatie [Optimism about the future of one's own relationship]. In B. Verplanken, P. A. M. van Lange, R. W. Meertens, & F. W. Siero (Eds.), Sociale psychologie en haar toepassingen (Vol. 7, pp. 30-42). Delft, The Netherlands: Eburon.
Wills, T. A. (1981). Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 245 271.
Wills, T. A. (1987). Downward comparison as a coping mechanism. In C. R. Snyder & C. E. Ford (Eds.), Coping with negative life events: Clinical and social psychological perspectives. New York: Plenum Press.
Wills, T. A. (1991a). Similarity and self esteem in downward comparison. In J. M. Suls & T. A. Wills (Eds.), Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (pp. 51 78). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wills, T. A. (1991b). Social comparison processes in coping and health. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth, (Eds.), Handbook of clinical and social psychology (pp. 376-394). New York: Pergamon.
Wills, T. A. (1992). The role of similarity in coping through downward comparison. In L. Montada, S. H. Filipp, & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Life crises and experiences of loss in adulthood (pp. 196 212). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wills, T. A., & Suls, J. (1991). Commentary: Neo-social comparison theory and beyond. In J. Suls & T. A. Wills (Eds.), Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (pp. 395-411). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wood, J. V. (1989). Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 231 248.
Wood, J. V. (1996). What is social comparison and how should we study it? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 520 537.
Wood, J. V., & Taylor, K. L. (1991). Serving self relevant goals through social comparison. In J. M. Suls & T. A. Wills (Eds.), Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (pp. 23 49). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wood, J. V., Taylor, S. E., & Lichtman, R. R. (1985). Social comparison in adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1169 1183.

Home / contents / references previous page next page print
image
L'Autunno
© Frans Oldersma. Mail: Frans Oldersma
Painting: L'Autunno by Laurens Boersma
Webdesign: Smeets & Graas | Een Groninger Website
top of page